In my previous email I
explained how we know the word “Christ” is a transliteration
of a Greek word and what a transliteration is. (Click here if
you have not read it.) You understand that there is a big difference
between a transliteration and a translation. A transliteration does not tell
us what the Greek word that was transliterated meant. The graphic above
traces the journey of English word “Christ” back to the Greek
word “Christos” and provides its translation -- “anointed.”
In another email I explained
how we know that Jesus spoke and taught in the Hebrew language.
(Click
here to read it.) Someone wrote down the Hebrew words of Jesus spoke,
someone else translated them into Greek, others copied and recopied the Greek
translations, and some of those copies were used by the people that made English
translations of the New Testament. The next step is identifying the
Hebrew words behind those Greek translations.
We used the Septuagint,
a Greek translation of the Jewish Hebrew Scriptures, to find verses in it with
Greek words related to “Christos.” Then, we went to the Hebrew
Bible and found those verses and were able to locate the corresponding Hebrew
words. In the graphic above you can see the Hebrew word behind the word “Christos.”
It is transliterated “mashiach” and translated “anointed.”
“Christos” and “mashiach” are
both translated into English as “anointed.”
Our next project was discovering
what “mashiach” meant in the first century CE
Jewish culture in which the Jesus Movement took place. The “anointing”
of persons and objects was a widespread ritual in ancient Israel. It played
a central role in the ceremonies in which kings were inaugurated
and high priests were consecrated. The ultimate source of the anointment
was God. Those who were anointed acquired the title “Mashiach”
("Anointed One").
Anointing conferred the "Spirit
of Yahweh" only upon kings. The king received Yahweh’s support,
strength, and wisdom. The anointment of high priests conferred
neither the Spirit of Yahweh nor any other divine attribute on them because they
had different functions. Other concepts related to the title “Anointed
One” appear in the Second Temple Period.
●
The “Anointed One” will be a great political leader descended
from King David. (Jeremiah 23:5)
●
The “Anointed One” will be well-versed in Jewish law and observant of its
commandments (Isaiah 11:2-5).
●
The “Anointed One” a charismatic leader, inspiring others to follow his
example; a great military leader, who will win battles for Israel; a great
judge who makes righteous and just decisions (Jeremiah 33:15).
●
The “Anointed One” will appear at the End of Days when God judges
all mankind.
Now we can update the first
two words from Mark 1:1 -- “Jesus Christ Son of God” to reflect the information
we gathered above. Instead of calling him Jesus Christ, we should call him:
Jesus
the Anointed One
This
allows us to view him the role he saw himself, and the way people saw him. In
first century CE Judea and Galilee, when people heard the words “Jesus
the Anointed One,” two questions would have immediately popped into their
minds:
● What was Jesus anointed to do?
● When was he anointed?
Those
questions will be answered in my next email. Thank you for exploring biblical
heritages with me.
Shalom,
Jim
Myers
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